Refúgio e asilo: um estudo sobre a crise migratória com enfoque nos venezuelanos que migraram para fortaleza.

Abstract

This paper addresses the challenges faced by Venezuelan refugees in the Brazilian labor market with a focus on the city of Fortaleza and the challenges they face. Thus, what can lead to the growth of informal jobs. In addition, the paper presents what international migration is and differentiates between the legal institutes of asylum and refuge, explaining that the difference between these two institutes is that the first aims to protect against current and effective persecution of a sovereign act of the State in an individualized way and the second aims to protect people because of fear of persecution and has a more generalized aspect. It also shows what their rights are in the international and national spheres. Furthermore, the study discusses how the labor market is for Brazilians and refugees, and whether there are programs that help insert these migrants into the labor market. In this way, by means of a bibliographical and documental methodology, the quantity of refugees present in Brazil and in Ceará was analyzed, as well as their insertion in society and in the job market. In addition, three interviews were conducted, the first with a collaborator of the Pastoral of Migrants, an institution that aims to welcome, protect, promote and integrate these refugees into society and the labor market, and finally, the other interviews were conducted with two Venezuelan refugees living in Fortaleza. During the development of this research it was possible to see the evolution of the legal institute of refuge and with it was created several legislations both in the international and national sphere to ensure the rights and duties of refugees. Throughout the text it is possible to know the motivation that led Venezuelans to leave their country in search of help in Brazilian territory. Furthermore, it is possible to understand that the difficulties faced by refugees go far beyond the challenges suffered by young Brazilians who have just entered the job market. And finally, it is possible to see how public and private initiatives help insert refugees into the labor market. Keywords: Refugee. Asylum. International migration. Labor market. Venezuelans.