Psicanálise e depressão infantil: contribuições a partir de uma revisão sistemática de literatura.

Abstract

For a long time, childhood depression was considered a disorder that only affected adults. As of the 1970s, studies and researches began to verify the presence of depression in childhood and adolescence. Currently, there is no longer any doubt that this pathology also affects children, and may interfere in their development process. Thus, child depression is considered by contemporary psychiatry as a pathology that can intervene in the physical, affective, behavioral, cognitive, and social aspects, being understood as a biopsychosocial phenomenon. For psychoanalysis, on the other hand, infantile depression happens when faced with the loss of an object that can be of a real or imaginary nature, 3 that is, a shake-up in the way the subject deals with losses in his/her life that touches on elements of his/her own psychic constitution. Therefore, the present research aimed to do a bibliographic mapping through a systematic review of the literature published on the subject "psychoanalysis and childhood depression" between the years 2000 and 2020, in the main Brazilian platforms PePSIC, BVS, CAPES, SciELO and Google Academic. Eight studies were considered relevant to answer the review's objective. Thus, we sought to understand, by means of this paper, what has been published in the last twenty years about the psychoanalytic contribution to childhood depression. The main results found were categorized in the following themes: the importance of the school context in the identification of depression symptoms in children, the understanding of childhood depression from a psychoanalytic approach, psychotherapy as a form of treatment for depression in childhood, and the importance of the maternal function in the process of psychic constitution. However, there are few findings on the psychoanalytic view of childhood depression. There is a lack of case studies on childhood depression from a psychoanalytic approach, and it is hoped that new studies on the subject will be developed. Keywords: Childhood depression. Psychoanalysis. Systematic review