Revisão da literatura sobre diretrizes para construção de UTIs.

Abstract

The presented work discusses the various stages and requirements involved in the construction and renovation of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in hospitals, emphasizing the importance of the civil engineer in this process. The study is based on Brazilian legislation and regulations, mainly Law 5.194/66, Resolution 218/73 of CONFEA, and RDC 50, 2002 standard, which regulate the duties and competencies of civil engineering professionals and the specifications for hospital constructions. Within the hospital context, the civil engineer plays a fundamental role in ensuring operational efficiency, safety, and comfort of the facilities, particularly in intensive care units. Constructing an ICU involves a series of detailed technical specifications, including the distribution of beds, water and electrical supply systems, acoustics, lighting, routes for patient transport, and the proper arrangement of equipment and materials. The research discusses different types of ICUs, such as adult, pediatric, neonatal, coronary, neurointensive, burn, and mixed, each requiring specific approaches in terms of infrastructure and capacity. The study also highlights the complexity of hospital environment design, emphasizing the need for a project that integrates functional requirements and human needs. Each of these aspects is crucial to ensure a safe and efficient environment, especially in an ICU where patients require intensive care. Finally, the study adopts a qualitative and inductive methodological approach, based on a narrative bibliographic research, with data collected from scientific publications, books, manuals, technical standards, e-books, and monographs, aiming to provide a clear and detailed understanding of ICU construction. The goal is to offer a practical and theoretical guide for professionals involved in hospital engineering, especially in the construction of ICUs, highlighting the stages, challenges, and solutions to ensure the effectiveness and safety of these critical health environments.