Manifestações patológicas em fachadas de edificações: estudo bibliográfico.

Abstract

Buildings have a projected useful life for each system, however, there are conditions that reduce this expected time, such as the conditions of the environment in which the work is introduced. Therefore, it is important to carry out periodic inspections in buildings to keep their systems intact for as long as possible. Even with all the technological advances, new buildings present pathological manifestations that compromise their state of conservation, consuming more resources with repairs that could have been avoided. Thus, this study has the general objective of carrying out a bibliographical study on the pathological manifestations of building facades, also addressing their maintenance. In addition, the main pathological manifestations on the facades were also identified; described the main ways to prevent pathological manifestations in façades; Techniques and tools most used to assist in the identification of pathological manifestations on facades are presented. For this, a bibliographical research was used with materials available in full, such as books, theses, monographs and scientific articles, selected through searches in a search engine such as Google academic in the period from 2015 to 2022. It was found that the main pathological manifestations identified in all studies were: Dirt Stains, Horizontal Cracks and Expansion of the mortar coating. In addition, the probable diagnoses were: the lack of a facade project and the lack of maintenance, expansion of the laying mortar or hygroscopic movement and poor cleaning of the substrate. Therefore, from the analyzed studies, it is understood that several tools and technologies can be used to help in the more effective mapping of the pathological manifestations of buildings, as is the case of infrared thermography and UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). Keywords: Pathological Manifestations. Building Inspection. Diagnosis. Facades. Buildings.